Violência no trabalho na equipe de enfermagem: prevalência e fatores associados nas emergências de hospitais de referência para causas externas

Abstract

The objective was to characterize the prevalence, typology and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing professionals. An analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out in the emergency departments of four municipal hospitals for external causes in Fortaleza. The sample consisted of 217 nursing professionals. The data collection was done through a questionnaire with closed questions about sociodemographic and professional data, impressions about violence in the workplace and its occurrence. The data were tabulated in the program Epi Info version 3.5.3 and later submitted to the statistical analysis through the software STATA version 13. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. The variables were compared with the outcome (s) using the Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact and also by the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test in order to verify possible statistical associations. The prevalence of workplace violence was 79.3% (172); Verbal aggression, 73.7% (160); Bullying, 26.7% (58); Physical aggression and sexual harassment, both 6.5% (14). As for professionals who suffered violence, those aged 31 to 40 predominated, 29.1% (50); Female, 83.7% (144); Unmarried, 41.3% (71); Pardos, 54.1% (93); Without fixed shift, 52.3% (90); Nursing technicians, 66.9% (115); Had one to five years of professional experience, 25.6% (44); And worked from 31 to 60 hours per week, 64% (110). The most repeated forms of violence were verbal aggression, 70% (160) and moral harassment, 50% (29). In physical aggression and sexual harassment, the main aggressors were patients, 42.9% (6). Escorts or relatives accounted for 71.9% (115) of cases of verbal aggression. In bullying, 43.1% (25) of the perpetrators were co-workers of the same profession as the victim. The morning hours accounted for 43.8% (70) of physical aggression, 50% (7) of verbal aggression, 50% (29) of bullying and 57.1% (8) of sexual harassment. A statistical association was identified between the young age group and sexual harassment (p = 0.010); Be divorced and suffer verbal aggression (p = 0.048); Daytime work and verbal aggression (p = 0.042); Less experience time and suffer verbal aggression (p = 0.030); Evaluation of the workplace as unsafe and suffering occupational violence (p = 0.000) and suffer verbal aggression (p = 0.004); Report violent leadership and suffer occupational violence (p = 0.048) and physical aggression (p = 0.018); Report violent companions and suffer verbal aggression (p = 0.037); Report violent physicians and suffer moral harassment (p = 0.001) and sexual harassment (p = 0.000); Lack of security or police and suffer verbal aggression (p = 0.031); Lack of training on violence and sexual harassment (p = 0.035); Witnessing violence and suffering occupational violence (p = 0.000) and verbal aggression (p = 0.000). For the implementation of measures and interventions aimed at workers' health, not only the elements intrinsically linked to the work process, but also the external elements must be considered; It is necessary a set of actions that include health professionals, administrators and managers, public policies, economic, social and cultural factors.