Relação entre a dinâmica espaço-temporal de uso e ocupação do solo e os conflitos ambientais: o caso da comunidade do Cumbe, Aracati, Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

The transformations in the land use and occupation has led to major changes in landscapes. Some time ago, slave remaining community of the Cumbe, in the municipality of Aracati (CE), has been suffering from the pressure of unusual activities to their way of life, such as shrimp and wind farms. That said, this thesis tries to understand the relationship between the dynamics of land use and occupation and local environmental conflicts, what are the causes and consequences and their connections. In order to build a closer relationship between researcher and land, territory-guided tours and interviews composed the first phase of field experience. Then we created a collective reflection process, debates and contributions by developing an adjustment of PROPACC methodology and social cartography, being all these information organized in a general inventory afterwards. The results of the field survey phase and aerial photographs of the years 1984, 1993, 2005 and 2014, enabled the development of thematic maps that contributed to the study of the territory dynamics. Given the results, it was found that the appropriation and privatization of land by nine families of means, since the seventeenth century, were crucial for the changes of land use, which generated a high spatial disorganization index. Enterprises have been installed in Environmental Protection Areas (Canoa Quebrada APA) and Permanent Protection Areas (mangroves), including in places of recreation, subsistence, paths, in other words, places of vital matter to maintaining the traditional way of life of the people who lived there for so long. This fact has been causing and intensifying, different conflicts within the community that resists and fights against the impacts arising. With this research, it is expected to contribute with a new mechanism of analysis of the environmental conflicts as well as to allow the organic life of the community involved from the generated fighting instruments.