Os enclaves úmidos e sub-úmidos do semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil involves a surface area of 788,064 km², which corresponds to 48% of Northeast and 9.3% of Brazil. Through out systemic analysis of the relationship between geo-environmental components, it showed the relative natural context and of the humid and sub-humid renewable natural resources by northeastern States in the phytogeographic domain of areas are widely distributed in the s e m i - a r i d s e r t õ e s, w h i c h w a r e s i t i n s u r f a c e s topographically elevated of mountain prominence with varied dimensions that are submitted to the influences of altitude meso-climates. They represent true “green islands” in the morphoclimatic domain of caatingas that recover semi-arid area in the inter-plateau and inter- mountain depressions. Based in this study, it can be verified that humid enclaves of the northeastern semi-arid presents innumerable common characteristics and certain conditions that are very specific. All they present better conditions of humidity and mild temperatures, which are heterogeneity of the region. In the geo-ecological context of the semi-arid region, represented by caatingas, there is the occurrence of exception environments that configures true humid and sub-humid enclaves. This work aims to establish an integrated analysis of the geo-environmental determined by the altitude and excess of water surplus during the rainy season. In general, they have good surface water resource potential and soil with average the high natural fertility. The primary vegetal covering of the majority of enclaves is strongly degraded due to the disordered use. In some cases, the degradation of soil reaches irreversible stages, which compromise the water resources, biodiversity and the well-being of the population.