Avaliação na educação infantil: as práticas avaliativas em creches e pré-escolas municipais de Fortaleza na perspectiva das professoras

Abstract

This research aims to investigate how teachers who work in early childhood education in public schools of Fortaleza understand the process of children. The interest in the subject arose during the course of specialization in Teaching in Early Childhood Education of UFC, as studied aspects of the curriculum, pedagogical proposal and evaluation in early childhood education from some models, such as experienced in schools Italian, Brazilian and guiding documents of pedagogical practice in this stage of education. Considering the school as environment construction of autonomy and citizenship, we adopted the theoretical perspective that perceives evaluation as an ongoing process of monitoring the development and child learning and must have as its main focus provide a reflection on teaching practice, as Hoffmann (1998) and Luckesi (2005) and others. We based on conceptions of Piaget (1970; 1987), Vygotsky (1988) and Wallon (2007) to assist the current discussions about the processes of learning and child development. The intention was to answer the following questions: What are the guidelines and tools provided by the Fortaleza for the evaluation in early childhood education? What conceptions teachers from kindergarten to have on learning, development and evaluation of children? What is the role of children and their families in the process, in the opinion of teachers? The research is qualitative through a multiple case study, with the application of a questionnaire and interviews with sixteen teachers of Early Childhood Education and the General Coordinator of Early Childhood Education the Department of Education and document analysis. Data analysis showed distinct and opposing childhood education conceptions that converge to inconsistent practices with age which meet. The role that evaluations play on the practices of teachers also has been controversial. It is shown now compatible, sometimes contradictory to the proposed ideas in the documents that regulate the Early Childhood Education, DCNEI, Early Childhood Education Pedagogical. Some of the concepts found care and other show advances in the understanding of the assessment practices as an experiment to effect significant daily practices. The study results become relevant to advance the debate on this subject that arouses doubts in the area of early childhood education. We propose a reflection of evaluation practices currently adopted, in order to identify the limits and progress, to increase the quality of education offered in public schools.