Adubações orgânica e mineral em mudas micropropagadas de bananeira cv Prata Catarina durante a aclimatização

Abstract

Banana is one of the most produced and consumed fruit in the world. The cultivar 'SCS451 Catarina' also called Prata Catarina has several advantages with respect to cultivar Prata. Micropropagation is a technique that enables plantproduction with high phytosanitary quality in a short period of time. The use of organic products as a fertilizer source has given good results in plant development. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, the contents and the extraction of mineral elements in micropropagated banana plantlets cv. Prata Catarina, during the acclimatization phase due to the application of different biofertilizers doses and mineral fertilizer. The experiment consisted of two stages, the micropropagation was performed in the Plant Tissue Culture laboratory in Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, and the acclimatization, at the UFC Agrometeorology Station. The experimental design was randomized blocks with factorial 2 × 5 + (2), corresponding to two types of liquid biofertilizers (B1 = biofertilizer the basis of animal manure with aerobic fermentation and B2 = biofertilizer the basis of animal manure with anaerobic fermentation) 5 doses (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125%) of both biofertilizers and two additional treatments (control without fertilization and chemical fertilization). The variables plant height, pseudostem diameter, leaf area and dry mass of leaves showed significant effect for doses and for the types of mineral fertilizer and control. The dry mass of pseudostem and the chlorophyll content were significant only for the types of biofertilizers and dry mass of roots only at doses of biofertilizers. At 100% biofertilizers dose the vegetative growth of micropropagated banana plantlets cv. Prata Catarina was greater and above this limit, the growth was resduced. With respect to the mineral elements in the leaves, in the roots and in the pseudostem, it was found that for the type of biofertilizer used only phosphorus contents in the pseudostem and potassium in the pseudostem and root were not significant . For the measurements, only potassium concentration in leaves was not significant. The interaction was significant for nitrogen content in the leaves and pseudostem, for phosphorus in the roots and for sodium only for the pseudosterm. With increasing doses there was an increase in the content of nutrients studied except for sodium. The bovine biofertilizer with anaerobic fermentation meets the nutritional needs of micropropagated banana plantlets cv. Prata Catarina up to 90 days in acclimatization phase due to nutrient content that overlaps those found in aerobic biofertilizer. The fertilization with 100% of the anaerobic biofertilizer promotes greater plantlet vegetative growth for the majority of the studied variables equating to the values registered in the mineral fertilizer reference and promoted a greater accumulation of nutrients in the leaves, pseudostem and roots of the plantlets.