Valor nutricional de rações totais contendo torta de mamona submetida a métodos alternativos de destoxificação para ovinos

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake on intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood in sheep. We used 20 sheep, 10 males and 10 females all crossbred (½ Morada Nova var. Red x ½ without defined breed), with average weight around 17 ± 1.02 kg and mean age of 7 months. For the digestibility data and blood parameters were used a randomized complete block design with four replications, being blocks according to the sex of the animal. The design used for data ruminal parameters was randomized blocks in split plots, having in the parcels the diets and in the sub-parcels the harvest times (0, 2, 5 and 8 hours postprandial) with four replications. Were the roughage used grass hay Tifton-85. Diets were fed in two meals daily, collecting in the day after, the remains, faeces and urine. The experimental period lasted 22 days being 21 days for the digestibility trial and 22 th day made to collect blood and rumen fluid. In the assessment of intake and digestibility in vivo was not different (P> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), cellulose (CEL), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF) (in g/day, %LW, g/kg 0,75 ). Regarding the effect of sex, there was a higher dry matter intake of males compared to females when intake was expressed in g/day and g/kg 0,75 Higher intakes of NDF, ADF, HEM and CEL for. males over females (P <0.05) were observed when expressed as g/day with averages of 385.28 and 333.22 g NDF, 176.54 and 153.07 g of FDA, 208.74 and 180.15 g of HEM, and 149.33 and 128.53 g of CEL for males and females respectively. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake in DMD, OMD, CPD, ADFD, CELD, TCD and NFCD with averages of 67.13%, 68.23%, 66.94 %, 46.78%, 61.20%, 68.36% and 82.84% respectively. The digestibility of EE was higher in diet containing castor bean cake treated with limestone (CC) than for treated with phosphate monodicalcium (FOS). The digestibility of NDF was higher (P <0.05) for the diet that received castor bean cake non untreated (NT) in relation to diet CC. As for the digestibility of the HEM the treatments NT and UR were superior to treatment CC. There was no effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor bean meal on intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metabolizable energy (MEI), energy balance (EB), total digestible nutrients (TDN), consumption of total digestible nutrients (CTDN) and digestibility of gross energy (GED) with averages of 348.06 g/kg 0,75 , 215.12 g/kg 0,75 , 202.43 g/kg 0,75 , 1.97 Mcal/day , 66.76% 541.45 g/day and 64.75% respectively. Males had higher values (P <0.05) of DEI, MEI and EB than females. Nitrogen balance was higher for the treatment it received castor bean cake autoclaved (ACL) with a mean of 7.72 compared to treatments UR (6.06) and FOS (5.76). The relationship nitrogen retained/nitrogen intake was higher in ACL treatments (46.12%) and CC (44.43%) compared to the FOS treatment (35.18%). The energy and nitrogen balances were positive for all treatments. In assessing ruminal parameters, the pH ranged from 6.43 to 6.92. Treatment FOS had pH values higher than the treatments NT and CC. The Feeding caused a reduction in pH. The concentrations of N-NH3 were influenced by time of collection, after the xii supply of rations. Among the collection time, the time two hours postprandial was higher than the other times. Among the treatments, it is observed that CC and UR showed higher values of NH3-N and that NT and the treatments ACL and FOS had intermediate values. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between mean values of urea and serum creatinine among the five treatments, being that values serum concentrations of urea ranged from 26.08 to 42.45 mg / dL and creatinine ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 mg / dL. There was no influence of treatments on the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, packed cell volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration globular (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes and leukocytes. With average values of 7.72 x106/µl, 10.33 g/dl, 30.65% 39.63 µm3, 33.66% 44.20%, 3635.0 /µl, and 7370.0 /ul, respectively. The values of Eosinophils presented superior for the FOS diet (3.50%) compared with the CC diet (0.50%). There were differences (P<0.05) for the values of monocytes among the treatments, with the UR treatment presenting superiority over the others. The effect of the sex was Significant (P <0.05) for the variable segmented neutrophils with average values of 49.30 and 39.10 for males and females, respectively. The castor cake not treated in the nutritional point of view can be used in the diets of sheep as an alternative protein source participating in up to 8% of the total ration, without causing large reductions in consumption and digestibility, introducing yet values of hematological profile within the range considered normal for the sheep.