Estatuto ontológico do conhecimento em Lukács: uma análise a partir da obra prolegômenos para uma ontologia do ser social

Abstract

The first two decades of the twentieth century define the moment of greatest expression of a set of efforts around the building of the neo-positivist thought. The Vienna Circle, a group of scientists from different fields, such as the German physicist Moritz Schlick, the German mathematicians Hans Hahn and Rudolf Carnap, the Austrian sociologist and economist Otto Neurath, among others, marked the history of philosophy trying to establish a scientific philosophy. The neo-positivist doctrine, on the wake of Scientism - Empiricism - Naturalism, proposes the experimental sciences procedures as the only ones to possess scientific validity, thus, denying the reality of any entity that is not empirically perceptible. Undeniably, over the last century, science has become the interest of various fields of knowledge. Historians, sociologists, thinkers of different hues have shown increased interest in this field of study and research. Even despite the fact that neopositivism has disqualified, as Lukács attests, every question about being, placing it as unscientific, the truth is that philosophical propositions in the field of ontological investigation developed, each in its own way, and constituted as direct evidence of the phenomenon of the relationship between the question of being and praxis. That is, it is the "inescapable character of the ontological approach to the world problems as a fact that can not be overlooked also in our times” (Lukács, 2010, p. 34). However, this recognition does not equal such philosophical propositions to the ontology outlined by Lukács, from Marx. The concept of being found in trends contemporary to Lukács relies upon an isolated individual, allegedly abandoned in the world. To resort to the reflection on being, Lukács points out the determination of a specific, objective being, the social social. His intellectual project aims to rescue the Marxist ontology as the only possible way to conduct the thinking of the world to the being. Thus, this work is part of a field of studies and research marked by Marxian ontology, inaugurated by Lukács, assuming, here, as an object of appreciation for our analysis, the work Prolegomena to an ontology of social being.