Qualidade na distribuição longitudinal de sementes por semeadoras de precisão e fluxo contínuo nas condições edafoclimáticas do Ceará

Abstract

The planters play an important role in agriculture because they create the right conditions for the seeding process is done correctly. One of the factors that contribute to successful crop establishment is the distribution uniformity and depth of deposition of seeds at sowing, these factors ensure adequate plant population. It is very difficult to determine all the points that influence agricultural operations, so the tools of qualities present themselves as an alternative to ensure proper performance of the process in terms of the critical factors in this sense the CEP assists in quality control in the process steps especially in repetitive processes, it aims to ensure stable and continuous process improvement. This study aimed to assess the depth and uniformity of seed corn and rice based on two theoretical speeds shift 4 and 7 km.h-1 for the precision seeders mechanical and pneumatic and speed of 4 km and 8 km . h-1 for seed drills. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará. The soil where the experiment was conducted was classified as Typic yellow. The precision sowing machines were set to a spacing of 14 cm between maize and depth of 5 cm, because the seed drills was adjusted to the density of rice seed 80 g / m depth of 3 cm. For the precision seeders and streaming held up the process of seeding a distance of 50 m in length with seed corn (Zea mays L.) and rice, respectively. For precision sowing intervals of 1 m were taken at random for assessing the longitudinal distribution, as for seed drills evaluating the distribution density of the seeding was performed according to the recommendations of Fields (1998). The depth of deposition of seeds of maize and rice was performed by the method of manual excavation. Data were analyzed using Minitab Software - Version 16. With the increase in travel speed difference was observed according to the method of Kurachi et al. (1989) for the number of acceptable spacing, since with increasing travel speed and number of acceptable spacing decreased for both seeders, but the statistical analysis there was no difference between the measured speeds and speed did not have any influence on depth deposition of seeds to the air seeder. For seed drills to increase speed influenced the distribution uniformity and depth of rice seeds.