Guerra e estado em Hegel

Abstract

This work aims to understand, from dynamic between Nation-States introduced by Hegel ideas (which is nowadays understood, en bloc, as “International Relations”), the role of war within the Hegelian Theory of State as proposal for conflict related to sovereignty issues among States. In a particular level, this handwork attempts to explain, using Hegel’s dialectical method, how violence (and its related contingences) joins the realization of the freedom in the material world, and how this same violence, which belongs together to the free will, is used by States as tool of political management. The dialectical thinking of Hegelian (found in Phenomonology of Spirit and mainly in Philosophy of Right) indicates that State appears to be the major maker of human freedom, since it is the mediator tool of resolution of conflicts between individual wills, always based on ethical values and on what is better for a community. This work, using the exegesis of the Hegelian handworks, finds passages and text parts that point to the issue of war is not just a matter of State policy, but takes into account the ontological key when the definitions “freedom” and “will” are suggested to clarify the conflict causes. This statement is based on the comprehension, within External State Law, of what is the distinction between States, assumption of the juridical and existential individuality of a nation which would provoke inevitably tensions as well. However, the present work approaches the possibility of statements “Morality”, “Religion” and the concept of “Constitution”, which are found in Hegel’s method, by the sense of community and perception of right and wrong, regardless of juridico-political institutions, may indicate the elucidation about the impasse of the coexistence between war and freedom.