Determinação de parâmentros efetivos e seguros para o uso da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana em dentina cariada : estudo in vitro

Abstract

The elimination of bacteria inside the demineralized dentin layer might contribute for a more conservative approach in the restorative treatment of deep dentin caries lesions. This way, this in vitro study aimed to establish safe and effective parameters for using an LED (λ = 620-660 nm) associated to the photosensitizer toluidine blue O (TBO) in the disinfection of artificially produced dentin caries lesions. For this, slabs with 25 mm2 of flatted occlusal human dentin were immersed for 5 days in BHI broth inoculated with Streptococcus mutans for caries induction. After demineralization, the slabs were randomly allocated to 10 experimental groups (n=15), as follows Control5; Control10; Control15; TBO; LED5; LED10; LED15; PDT5; PDT10 and PDT15, which were treated with TBO (0.1 mg.ml-1 for 5 min) or 0.9% NaCl solution for 5, 10 or 15 min, and submitted or not to LED irradiation for 5, 10 or 15 min (47, 94, and 187 J/cm2). Dentin samples from caries lesions were collected before and after treatments and bacteria were then cultured for Streptococcus mutans counts. In addition, using a type K thermometer, the temperature inside the pulp and in periodontal area was monitored for the groups PDT5, PDT10 and PDT1510 in 10 teeth with deep occlusal cavities. Paired t test/Wilcoxon matched pairs test (=5%) were used to determine differences between microbial population before and after treatments, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test for comparing data of temperature and log reductions. Statistically significant differences in Streptococcus mutans viability were found for the groups: Control15; LED15; PDT5; PDT10 and PDT15. The temperature from intrapulpal and periodontal area were lower than 2oC, being higher inside the pulpal chamber for group PDT15 when compared to group PDT5. Thus, it the experimental conditions used in the study, photodynamic therapy may be a safe and effective treatment to be used for disinfecting carious dentin, however the influence of time of irradiation/exposition it the Streptococcus mutans viability should be better investigated.