Análise multivariada aplicada na qualidade de água dos principais sistemas lacustres da bacia hidrográfica do rio Cocó, Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the quality water of the main lake ecosystems belonging the watershed the river Cocó - CE (Lagoon Porangabussu, Opaia, Itaperaoba, Maria Vieira, Sapiranga, Maraponga and Lake Jacareí). Were collected from water in three sections of ecosystems, the period of August/2006 and July/2007, monthly. The variable temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, BOD5, COD, DO, TSS, TDS, total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, alkalinity, hardness and CTT were analyzed. The data were validated, standardized (Z scores) and referred to the program The Unscrambler version 7.5, the Principal Component Analysis - PCA to reduce the data, facilitating the determination of homogeneity: between lagoons and between sampling points in each lagoon. Also evaluate the role of seasonality in water quality of ecosystems. The principal component analysis (PCA) was satisfactory in the reduction of information from the database, making them easier to understand. For the homogeneity between ecosystems only Sapiranga lagoon and Lake Jacareí presented as the other heterogeneous. This is possible mainly due to the influence of the imposed tidal lagoon Sapiranga and lake Jacareí your little fluid intake. The homogeneity is possible according to the input of organic matter, use and occupancy of their areas of influence and the effect of seasonality is common to all. Regarding the factors that determine the quality of water ecosystems, we can say that there is a pattern of pollution by ecosystems. Always determined by the input of organic matter, represented by domestic sewage and diffuse pollution. This degradation is enhanced by two distinct periods: the first rains and the dry season, determining the power of the seasonality that is characteristic of the Northeast. Thus, it is interesting to propose that instead of the collections are made at a monthly frequency, could be performed every six months. Also needed are measures to control the input of organic matter, mainly domestic sewage, since the parameters BOD5, COD, total ammonia and nitrite committed significantly the results offered by the principal components. With regard to the EIT calculated, it is noted that 100% of the sampling ponds were classified as hypereutrophic. Analyzing the variables: BOD5, pH, DO and total phosphorus with CONAMA n ° 357/05 is observed that in almost all cases the parameters were outside the legal standards. Thus, the necessity causes these ecosystems are part of a view to improving the quality of its waters by an efficient public intervention and presence in the community who enjoys these environments.