Contribuição ao Conhecimento Fitoquímico e Biotecnológico da água-de-coco (Cocos nucifera L.)

Abstract

An analysis of the constituents of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water from two fruit varieties (green and yellow) by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction showed the presence of alcohols, ketones, thiols, carboxylic acids, phenols, and esters. The main components found in the coconut water of the green type had been propyl etanoate(53.5%) and 4-metil-pentan-2-one (29.0%) for the solvent extraction. By hydrodistillation, it has been detected hexan-2-ol (14.5%) and 4-hidroxi-4-metilpentan- 2-one (30.5%). Of the coconut water of the yellow type has been detected butane-1,3- diol (67.7%) and 4-metil-pentan-2-one (16.7%) for the solvent extraction. For hydrodistillation, the main compound was the 3-mercapto-decane (46.2%). Substantial antioxidant activity was observed, using the DPPH assay, for the samples obtained by hydrodistillation and petroleum ether extraction of both coconut varieties. A series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones was reduced using plant cell preparations from coconut juice. The reduced products were typically obtained in excellent yields (%) and with very high enantiomeric excess. Esters, amides, and nitrobenzene, yielded acids, amines and an azoxyderivative with satisfactory results. With enantiomeric excesses very raised. One another part of the work consisted of the study of the use of the enzymatic system of the coconut water for esterification of alcohol. In this direction, the quinine was used. In the esterification reactions the immobilized enzymes of the coconut water had been used as biocatalisator, using suitable methodology of literature. The fixed oil of three phases of maturation of solid albumen of the two types from the coconut (green and yellow) after saponification, followed of metilation had been subjected to the CG-MS analysis for the methylic esters identification. Twelve constituent had been found of the oil from young albumen, representing.