Emancipações político-administrativas no Ceará: uma reflexão sobre o caso de Jurema / Caucaia – CE

Abstract

The creation of municipalities in Brazil was influenced by power politics strategies. Prior to the 1988 Federal Constitution, the formation of local political units occurred, usually driven by the desire of the great land owners interested in maintaining control over politics and the state's economy. Currently, issues such as constitutional transfers and the possibility of taking local leaders to power are the new interests that determine municipal emancipation. Considering these strategies, is responsible for evaluating the need for the emancipation process, because we understand that in some places, emancipation is required so that its inhabitants have access to public services with higher quality. For this reason, this study proposes to reflect on municipal emancipation that occurred in Ceará, through a case study on the break-up of Jurema district in relation to the Caucaia. To meet this claim, it was defined as a general objective to analyze the emancipatory process Jurema district in order to understand whether the emancipation purpose has as major premise to meet the basic needs of the population living in this area and ensure the maintenance strategies local political power. In order to meet this goal, we sought to: investigate the criteria established in the legislation for the creation of municipalities; discuss the reasons that are pointed to justify the emancipation of Jurema and to identify political actors involved in this process; evaluate the possible social, political and economic consequences for Jurema if made effective municipalization. The methodology consisted of a qualitative study based on a theoretical and practical approach that allowed use the following research techniques: literature review on the topic in question; analysis of the laws governing municipal emancipation; interviews with local political groups favorable to the emancipation of Jurema and scholars who have opposite view to the process; questionnaires by the resident in that electoral district population; analysis of the statements contained in digital media such as blogs, political debates, among others; and data collection in public bodies. The methodology allowed to realize that the desire for emancipation of Jurema district did not come from people but from the will of a local political group. In addition, the degree of information of the people on the emancipation process is still low, and there is a desire by the people break up, what people want is that your needs are met. Therefore, it is concluded that the case of Jurema is not a question of emancipation, but a matter of improving the municipal management.