Subsídios para o extrativismo sustentável de folhas de carnaúba na APA Delta do Parnaíba, Piauí - Brasil

Abstract

To understand the traditional management and the effects of extraction of immature leaves of Copernicia prunifera H. E. Moore in Delta do Parnaíba Environmental Protection Area the local management practices and the social, economic and cultural were documented. Through semi-structured interviews with artisans and extractive we investigated the socioeconomic, environmental perception and traditional knowledge of palm. In possession of information has been reviewed the traditional management and outlined experiments in which we assessed the effects of monthly extractive in the development in young and immature palm and reproductive performance in reproductive adults palms. The men and women are extractivists. Although craftswomen develop the same activity and consider palm important in their lives, have different perceptions about the resource exploited, many of these perceptions not conservationist. This finding shows the need to promote environmental education and union between artisans, extractive and environmental agencies to devise strategies to conserve areas carnaubais natives. Regarding the effects of the extraction, it was found that the growth of young and immature palms were not affected by traditional management. The reproductive performance of adult palms was affected by the intensity of extraction (25, 50 and 75%), with production of flowers and fruits reduced, most of which were aborted. The seeds of palm trees exploited decreased in size and germination rates. Our data suggest that the extraction of immature leaves of the palm should not exceed 25%. In areas where the extraction is above 25% is required fallow period. It is important that the extractive seek more distant areas of their homes to explore in order to avoid the concentration of exploration, thus reconciling extraction and environmental conservation.