Adaptação e validação do questionário de habilidades curriculares para os cursos de graduação em saúde

Abstract

The human resource policies about the health sector are the subject of recent discussion in Brazil. This is because, in the period before the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS), the biomedical and hospital model, predominant in this period focused on quantitative aspects of the labor force, which objective is about of the number of services provided to the population and not the quality of these services. With the implementation of SUS, the concern with the formation of qualified professionals to attend the major health needs of the population has become a priority. The Chamber of Higher Education proposed in 2001, changes in professional education in health courses with the creation of the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN). The DCN define an amount of skills that must be addressed in the academic curricula of higher education institutions, with the purpose to train qualified professionals to work in the SUS. However, no one knows for sure if these skills are actually being implemented by educational institutions. With the objective to evaluate how the necessary skills to professional formation are being encouraged in medical schools, was created in the United States of America (EUA) the Curriculum Skills Questionnaire (CSQ). This instrument was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Education in 2001 in the city of Seatlle, making it public. The American instrument was translated into Portuguese by a group of teachers, experts in professional education in health, PRO-ENSINO of Federal University of Ceará (UFC), and was named Curriculum Skills Questionnaire (QHC). The Objective of this study is complete the QHC process of adaptation of the DCN and validates it for use in Brazil. This is a methodological, quantitative study accomplished in campus Porangabuçu the UFC, with 100 students of health courses: Nursing, Dentistry and Medicine. The validity of the instrument content was measured by the Content Validity Index (CVI), from the trial of six professional experts in Higher Education in Health. For construct validation was undertaken exploratory factor analysis with principal components extraction and Varimax rotation method. Reliability was evaluated by calculation of alpha coefficient of the Cronbach. The instrument, after analyze of its psychometric properties was considered valid and trustable. The item "peer evaluation" and setting "seminars" were excluded from the new version of QHC. This study concluded that the evaluation tool of the degree of encouraging the development of academic skills by higher education institutions, entitled Questionnaire Curriculum Skills after translation and adaptation to Brazil, maintained its adequate psychometric properties. Therefore, it indicates its use in future analyzes in the Universities and similar populations, for the identification of weaknesses and potentials in teaching methodologies used in graduate courses in health of these institutions.