Co-gestão como ferramenta de ordenamento para a pesca de pequena escala do litoral leste do Ceará - Brasil

Abstract

Redonda, a fishing village that is 200 km away from Fortaleza, capital of Ceará State - Brazil, located at geographical coordinates 04° 25’ 28,79” S and 037° 54’ 17,97” W. Redonda Beach has the second largest population in the city, to which it belongs - Icapuí, with 3,000 inhabitants, with a total of about 610 families and a large number of sailing lobster boats, second only to the State capital, Fortaleza. The purpose of this study is the building of a model of participative management – co-management – which can promote the conservation of fisheries and fishery resources in a large scale, through the implementation of a pilot model in artisanal fisheries villages, integrating the human element (user) to fisheries management. The overall objective of this proposal was to survey the state of the art of the fishing sector in the Redonda community and establish a frame of work for the design of management plans for fishery resources. Management plans incorporate principles of sustainability using an approximation of integrated management of coastal zones. The management model was based on the participation of all stakeholders in the local fishing industry or not, participating in the process of designing, developing and implementing the plan of co-management. The study began by accepting the need for a new model of cooperative fishery management in the Community object of study, and realizing that the success of fisheries co-management is not only dependent on the successful implementation of the program, but also how the idea was conceived. Our focus at the pre-implementation stage led us to examine the origin of the idea and in what manner, or circumstances, this process began in the Community, and from there, began the data collection phase. Data was collected between 2007 and 2010 and was based on primary and secondary data. The main conflict reported by residents in Redonda Beach is its fishermen’s struggle against the presence of divers in the fishing area of Redonda. The solution presented by the population was the creation of an AMP - Marine Protected Area, with 2,200 square kilometers, in accordance with SNUC - National System of Conservation Units, benefiting 13 fishing communities belonging to the municipalities of Aracati and Icapuí and about 1,930 fishermen. In Redonda, alone, 229 fishing boats were accounted for out of which 180 are called boat hull and represent 78.6% of the local fleet. The main fishing gear used are cangalhas to catch lobster and fish is caught through the use of gill nets, longlines and hand line. The average landing of live lobsters in Redonda, from 2004 through 2009 was 47.8 kg/boat/day. Other than lobster, some important landed species are: yellowtail snapper, red snapper, dentão, sirigado, guarajuba, mackerel, dourado, marlin and yellowfin tuna. The study demonstrates the need of implementation of a fisheries comanagement system for artisanal fisheries in the eastern coast of the State as a means to provide the sustainability of the fishing activity.