Autonomia municipal fundamental: a federação e a posição de destaque dos municípios na efetivação de direitos fundamentais no Brasil

Abstract

The Federacy is a phenomenon appeared recently in Science world-wide Politics, after the historical aggregation of the thirteen English former-colonies in the North America, initially in Confederation, in the year of 1777, reaching the indissolvable pact ten years later, in 1787, making born the United States of America and inaugurating the form of State characterized by the politician-administrative decentralization, constituting partial independent beings, allies to the Union and forming the all, that it is the sovereign Federal State. Full autonomy and participation in the formation of the national will are the basic principles of the federative model, what differs it from the unitary countries, spreading this model all over the planet, specially in the countries with great territorial dimensions, as the case of Germany, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Mexico, Russia, Venezuela, amongst others. The Cities are generally not considered federated beings, to the exception of Brazilian case, despite they enjoy a reasonable constitutional autonomy and abilities. In the Unitary States, however, almost always they are associated to the regional beings and the central power, possessing mere administrative autonomy, although to be respected the main local interest. The historical importance of Brazilian cities and the spontaneous appearance of its, even before the formation of the State made possible, thus, the development of municipalist currents, with was decisive in the position of prominence that today they have as basic part of the Brazilian Federacy, from 1988. In fact, they possess constitutional abilities, they are cited as component of the indissolvable union that forms the Federative Republic of Brazil and withholds full autonomy, configured in the three functions (politics, administrative and financial), being the first one of them delineated by self-government, the self-organization or self-constitution, and by the self-legislation. Thus, having these capabilities, the Cities are apt to management the basic rights next to the community, in special, the social rights, unforgettable conquest of the modern society and essential for the maintenance of the Democratic Social State and the Ambient of Right. For this, they need to use the advantage of its high constitutional autonomy and to direct its material and legislative abilities in the direction to protect and to accomplish such rights, through warranting public politics of the social functions of the city.