A solidariedade e o estado: do valor à norma jurídica

Abstract

This research examined factual and axiological aspects that may influence the development and the application of the principle of solidarity. In a first stage, and in an effort to define the nature and the juridical use of solidarity, a study on values was made. With the aforementioned nature clearly defined, theories and doctrines that dealt with solidarity were sampled. Afterwards, focus was concentrated on society and States, starting with the analysis of their origins and identifying elements, including brief investigations of social, political, economical, psychological and juridical aspects and taking into consideration issues like individualism, collectivism, democracy, capitalism, theory of necessities, welfare and juridical post-positivism, among others. All these points were examined, as it is not satisfactory enough to claim that Law is made of three elements – fact, value and rule – if, as Law is studied, one remains limited to the dimension of juridical rules. In this sense, in order to understand Law in its complete and truly scientific feature, the fields of philosophy, sociology and history were examined, and only afterwards the juridical scope was investigated. As a result, solidarity was defined establishing not only its content but also its role as value, moral rule and juridical rule. As the most relevant goal was achieved, the principle of solidarity was analyzed in detail and, with this, the main point of the research was reached. The conclusion is that the principle of solidarity is able to define obligations to the State, in order to identify it as a Solidarist State. Furthermore, the principle of solidarity performs the role of prescriptive applicative principle, with specific criteria for its employment, which were also determined by this research. From this point of view, there is a possibility of controlling the application of this principle, thus avoiding its misuse and not unlikely disastrous consequences. The research was concluded with the identification of the principle of solidarity and its effects on the Solidarist State existing in Brazil, as found in the 1988 Constitution. The constitutional theory was also focused, together with samples of articles and case laws.