Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social em Fortaleza: caracterização e indicação de vulnerabilidade através do Sistema de Informação Georreferenciado

Abstract

Access to territorial information plays a central role in the urban planning policies. Nevertheless, their production, systematization and availability are as expensive and complex as the level of informality of the settlement one has to plan. Faced with Brazilian negative scenario in terms of urban informality, the developments of the cartographic and geographic information science have much to contribute to urban policies that deal with housing and urban problems. In order to bring about a case where the utilization of these techniques were able to increase the efficacy of planning policies, the article analyses two planning policies in Fortaleza: The Local Low-income Housing Plan (PLHIS) and the Urban Master Plan (PDPFOR) which established the Inclusionary Housing Zones (ZEIS). The incompatibility among both plans prevents the sharing of the information among themselves, in particular the data produced for the Housing Plan. The case also uses the GIS tools to map a ranking system of the illegal settlements using the data about the availability of urban infrastructure of each settlement. The ranking system aims to increase the efficiency of urban policies by preventing the use of political criteria to spatially allocate investments in infra-structure.