Aplicação da lógica Fuzzy no modelo de Streeter-Phelps para analisar o risco de contaminação das águas de rios, considerando múltiplos processos e múltiplos lançamentos

Abstract

In an attempt to facilitate the diagnosis of the various factors that affect water quality and predict possible future impacts on the environment, actions to rationalize the use of water from the optimization of natural and technological processes are adopted. Mathematical modeling is one example and, together with Fuzzy Theory, which allows the analysis of the results without the need for significant databases, one can establish the risk as an indicator of contamination of rivers, and of practical value in decision making and allocation of grant releases. In this study, the full Streeter-Phelps equations, using the Fuzzy set Theory, was applied, in order to analyze the risk of contamination of a watercourse that receives multiple sources release pollutants. Through the model simulations, different scenarios were analyzed, and the influence of its parameters as well as the launch point and nonpoint pollution sources, in the calculation of the risk. According to the results, it was observed that the amount of discharge released influences the time of the mass dilution in the system, so that for higher values of launch, the dilution time is less favoring the formation and decay processes of benthic layer; regarding the physical, chemical and biological reactions, it appears that sedimentation processes, photosynthesis and respiration, concerning with the average data found in literature, have little influence on the behavior of the curves of DO concentration curves and risk, while the nitrification process has a strong influence; with respect to the temperature, the results showed that it plays a significant role in the behavior of DO, where, for larger values of it, the higher the DO deficit and, consequently, increase in the risk. Finally, the model developed as a proposal to facilitate the decision making in the control of discharge of effluents into rivers proved to be a viable and practical analytical alternative way, since the goals were achieved.