Promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil - efeitos de uma intervenção combinada : vídeo educativo e roda de conversa

Abstract

Maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea is a modifiable variable, which measures the maternal confidence to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent illness in children, essential for the promotion of health. Considering that nurses should promote and support maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea, educational technologies have emerged in order to favor this practice. The objective was to analyze maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea before and after a combined educational intervention (educational video and dialogue wheel). It was a quasi-experimental study, before and after type, with single group composed by 58 mothers of children aged from zero to five years, developed in two health units belonging to the Regional Secretariat III and V, respectively. Data collection was performed from July to October 2014 in three stages: first, an interview was conducted with the mothers, individually, when it was applied Maternal Self-efficacy Scale for Prevention of Infant Diarrhea and the sociodemographic and diarrhea clinical form; the second stage corresponded to the educational group intervention with the application of educational video and the participation of women in dialogue wheel mediated by the researcher. The third stage corresponded to the telephone follow-up and the implementation of Maternal Self-efficacy Scale for Prevention of Infant Diarrhea and the reduced form of childhood diarrhea occurrence research every fortnight for two months. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará. Most participants were female from 20-29 years of age (56.9%), with partner (65.5%), with more than eight years of education (62.1%), housewives (74.5%), with monthly income of up to two minimum wages (91.4%). There was statistical significance between the sociodemographic variables health and the means of EAPDI scores in the four moments of follow-up (p <0.05): age, marital status, maternal education, occupation, per capita income, number of residents in the household , number of children and child sex. For sanitary variables: type of home, surface, garbage disposal, flies in the house, water source, origin of the water that the child drinks, treatment, soap near the tap, type of toilet, type of sewage, existence of refrigerator and presence of animal at home. There was no statistical significance relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and self-efficacy, but it was observed the increase in self-efficacy scores and the reduction of cases of diarrhea over the follow-up times, indicating that the combined educational intervention influenced in reducing the chance of occurrence of childhood diarrhea. It is concluded that the combined educational intervention increased maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea and decreased the chances of occurrence childhood diarrhea in mothers of the study. The use of educational video combined with the guidelines of nurses in dialogue wheel can and should be done consistently for health education activities by health professionals, especially nurses.