Fatores de risco para mortalidade infantil em município da região metropolitana de Fortaleza : uma análise através do uso vinculado de bancos de dados

Abstract

Introduction – The study of the risk factors of death among young children under one year of age makes it possible the elucidation of the net of determinant events, identification of exposed groups as well as the necessities of the health of population subgroups permitting the programming of interventions aimed at the reduction of infant deaths. The interest in relating records in different data bases has been increasing progressively according to the increasing possibility of large computerized data bases in the health area. The present study shows the results of the linkage of information of the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) and Mortality Information System (SIM) in the determination of infant deaths in the town of Maracanaú, Ceará. Objective – To analyze risk factors for the death of young children under one year of age, in the town of Maracanaú, in the state of Ceará, between the years 2000 and 2002, through the linkage of the information from SINASC and SIM. Methodology – Study of the retrospective cohort of live births. The population constituted of 11,127 live births with certificate of born alive (DN) filled out, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2002, children of mothers residing in Maracanaú and 119 infant deaths connected with this cohort of live births, with death certificates (DO) or instrument of investigation of infant death filled out occurred, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2003. The risk factors for the infant death were estimated through the logistic regression. Results and Discussion –The model of the multi-variable analyses for the infant death showed that the underweight born-alive when coming to life presented risks of death 3 times bigger before reaching the first year of age when compared with the ones with weights the same as or bigger than 2,500g (OR = 3.16; IC95% 1.58-6.35), the premature born-alive had the death risk 2.7 higher than those of the term (OR = 2.70; IC95% 1.25-5.86), born-alive from mothers with pre-natal appointment the same as or lower than 6 (OR = 2.05; IC95% 1.15-3.64) and born-alive whose Apgar score in the first (OR = 4.40; IC95% 2.48-7.81) and fifth (OR = 5.5; IC95% 2.75-11.20) minutes of life were lower than seven. The low birth weight, values of Apgar score lower than seven in the first and fifth minute of life, the pre-maturity and the number of pre-natal appointments lower than six presented in the cohort in study strong association with death before reaching the first year of life, reinforcing the studies described in the literature that they are variables strongly predictors of infant mortality. This study made it possible the use of data bases of birth and death, through of use of linkage procedure, suggesting its use by the city level of attention to health as well as the continuous vigilance and offer of adequate and technologically advanced assistance in each one of the levels of complexity of the local health system to the subgroup of newly-born with higher risk of death in the first year of age besides the guarantee of proper and conducted pre-natal assistance of good quality and the organization of the assistance in hierarchy and regional systems.