Planejamento em obras de pequeno porte: um estudo comparativo entre pequenas empresas do Ceará e Distrito Federal

Abstract

Construction planning is one of the main factors for controlling schedule, costs, and quality in the construction industry. However, in small-scale construction projects, the adoption of formal planning practices is still limited due to financial constraints, the shortage of qualified labor, and the use of simplified management methods. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the planning practices adopted by micro and small construction companies in small-scale projects, identifying how planning is carried out, which tools are used, and the main barriers and enabling factors for their implementation. This research adopted a qualitative approach and was conducted in two stages: a literature review and a multiple case study involving five companies located in the state of Ceará and the Federal District, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with company managers and analyzed using the qualitative data analysis method proposed by Gibbs. The results showed that all companies perform some type of planning before the beginning of construction activities, mainly using tools such as project schedules, Gantt charts, cost-loaded schedules, spreadsheets, and short-term planning. The findings also revealed that dividing projects into execution phases, continuously monitoring project progress, and controlling costs are common practices among the analyzed companies. On the other hand, the main barriers identified were the shortage of qualified labor, delays in material supply, financial constraints, limited technical training, and difficulties related to construction management. As factors that contribute to improving planning practices, the respondents highlighted professional training, the adoption of accessible technological tools, the formalization of simple control practices, and better communication among stakeholders involved in the construction process. It is concluded that good planning practices can be successfully implemented in small-scale construction projects through simple tools adapted to the reality of micro and small companies, contributing to improved project performance and strengthening management practices in the construction industry.