Perfil epidemiológico e frequência dos grupos sanguíneos ABO e Rh dos doadores dos centros de coleta do HEMOCE dos municípios de Fortaleza, Quixadá, Crato e Juazeiro do Norte, no ano de 2012

Abstract

In Brazil, the blood groups O, A and B are present in about 44%, 42% and 11% of the population respectively. Blood group AB has the lowest prevalence, being present in only 4% of the population. The objectives of the study were: to determine the epidemiological profile and the frequency of the blood groups ABO and Rh among blood donors registered in the HEMOCE Collection Centers, located in the municipalities of Fortaleza, Quixadá, Crato and Juazeiro do Norte in 2012, and compare the frequency of donors according to sex, age and education among blood centers of these municipalities. The study was conducted during the period January to May 2014, using data recorded in Blood Bank System (BBS). The results demonstrated that Fortaleza showed highest percentage of candidates to blood donation, with 73.25% of all candidates from the analyzed municipalities. July and November were the months with highest donor demands and also with the highest frequencies of considered suitable donors. Data analysis showed that the overall average of successful candidates was 76.79% of the intentions of donating, while 23.21% were judged inapt to blood donation. The mean of the data in the cities in relation to ABO group revealed that 50.43% belonged to group O, 35.93% to A , 10,15% to B, 3.16% to AB and 0,28% didn´t have the ABO group determined. 89.35% of donations were Rh positive, while 10.35% were Rh negative and 0.30% didn´t have the Rh group classified. Regarding to gender Males represented 62.63% of the total number of donations, while females made up 37.36%. Donors in first donation were responsible for 33.89% of the survey’s sample, 55.15% in this group were men and 44.85% women. 33.89% of these donors were primary and 55.15% were men and 44.85% women. Analyzing the data from these 4 studied cities, it was found that young adults (18 to 29 years) predominated among donors. However, analyzing separately the municipality of Quixadá was the one who presented more frequently individuals between 30 and 49 years (47.47%). Male donors with complete high school degree of schooling were most frequent in all cities studied, showing no large percentage changes between them. We concluded that, overall, our data were consistent with the literature.