Perfil da taxa de cesariana conforme classificação de Robson em um hospital universitário no interior do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

This study had the general objective of conducting a situational diagnosis regarding the obstetric profile of parturients according to the Robson Classification at the Ana Bezerra University Hospital. The research methodology was based on an ecological, cross-sectional, retrospective study, carried out through data collection from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS/TABWIN), referencing the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) for the period from 2019 to 2023. The results showed that the year 2020 represented 21.5% of deliveries, making it the second year with the highest number of births. In 2021, there was a decline, with 20.5%. This downward trend continued in 2022, with a record of 18.4%, and in 2023, with the lowest percentage of the period, accounting for 16.4% of total deliveries. This progressive decrease raises theories that may justify the declines, such as a possible reduction in obstetric admissions or changes in care patterns over time. For a more detailed understanding, Table 2, in the context of the Robson Classification, allows for a better understanding of which groups of parturients contributed most to this variation. The data obtained indicated that certain groups, especially those involving nulliparous and multiparous women with previous cesarean sections, contributed significantly to the overall cesarean rate, corroborating the trends observed in the literature. The main outcomes of the research revealed a cesarean rate higher than what is recommended by international guidelines, reflecting the urgent need to implement strategies to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections. The categorization of the population served allowed us to identify the clinical characteristics that influence obstetric intervention decisions, highlighting the importance of tailoring care according to the needs of each group. Furthermore, the comparison of the data with the Robson Parameters evidenced the discrepancy between current practice and recommendations, suggesting that continuous staff training and the implementation of evidence-based protocols are essential. Among the limitations of the study, the reliance on secondary data stands out, which may not accurately reflect the clinical reality of all parturients attended.