Sistema de recomposição automática distribuído baseado em vIED de proteção multifunção padrão IEC 61850

Abstract

Traditional medium-voltage electrical power distribution systems operate with radial topologies, which offer low reliability and low investment in technology and automation. This creates a limiting factor for the evolution towards Smart Grids (SG), whose intelligence depends on their infrastructure. Distribution automation is one of the main pillars for this transition, integrating advanced technologies such as SCADA, sensors, automated switches and reclosers, communication networks, and digital relays (IEDs). To ensure interoperability in this multi-vendor environment, the IEC 61850 standard stands out, offering standardized information models and an object-oriented structure for all components, from the substation to the end consumer. This work advances the concept of REI and presents the development of a Distributed Automatic Reclosing System (SRAD). The system uses virtualized protection IEDs and Merging Units (MU), applied to a 13.8 kV distribution network on the Pici campus of the Federal University of Ceará. Docker containers were used to create the virtual devices (vIEDs and vMUs), allowing a single piece of hardware to host multiple virtual instances, each functioning as a separate device. The flexibility of the system was demonstrated with the use of modeling libraries and XML configuration files from the IEC 61850 standard for devices from different manufacturers. Communication between distribution network devices is essential for the SRAD to function, and is carried out using IEC 61850 protocols, such as GOOSE and SV messages for communication between vMUs and vIEDs, GOOSE messages between vIEDs, and MMS messages for interfacing with the SCADA system. To validate the system, a PAC platform was set up. This platform included notebooks for creating and monitoring containers, an industrial computer to host the ELIPSE SCADA, a manageable switch, and a synchronization GPS. Through vLANs on the switch, it was possible to model the process bus, bay, and station. SRAD validation tests were conducted with fault simulation in various sections of the network, and the system's behavior was analyzed in real time by SCADA, which is fully integrated, and by Wireshark network traffic analysis software. As a result, the full functioning of SRAD was proven. The work demonstrates an effective approach to automatic system restoration using an intelligent algorithm distributed among the distribution network protection vIEDs. The developed system also validates the concept of using virtualized devices in smart substations, which represents an advance in enabling complex and robust protection, automation, and control tests for more complex electrical systems.