Otimização paramétrica de alívio de tensão em uma placa plana com furo central submetida à tração uniaxial

Abstract

The present research investigated the parametric optimization of stress relief in a flat plate with a central hole subjected to uniaxial traction. Stress concentration, a critical phenomenon in engineering that can lead to premature structural failure, was addressed in this study by searching for the ideal configuration of relief holes to minimize the maximum stress in the central hole region. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate the mechanical behavior of the plate in ANSYS Workbench software, and the Adaptive Single-Objective (ASO) optimization algorithm to find the optimal configuration, different relief hole geometries were investigated: circular, two circular holes, oval, elliptical, and triangular. The results showed that the inclusion of relief holes significantly reduces stress concentration, with the triangular hole providing the greatest reduction (38%). The optimization revealed a tendency for the geometric parameters of the relief holes to converge to specific values, such as proximity to the central hole and dimensions close to the central hole's diameter. The research also addressed the importance of mesh discretization in FEM, demonstrating the influence of mesh refinement on the accuracy of results. The use of suitable meshes, with PLANE183 finite elements and refinement in the central hole region, ensured accurate capture of the stress gradient and solution convergence. Comparison of FEM results with literature data validated the numerical model's accuracy, with good agreement observed with the theoretical models of Young and Budynas (2002), Norton (2013), and Howland (1930).