Trajetória docente de Nildes Alencar Lima: memórias do autoritarismo militar e da luta pela anistia (1964-1979)

Abstract

This dissertation is the result of research on teacher Nildes Alencar Lima, regarding her memories as a teacher during the Military Regime. The theme to be discussed is teaching in times of authoritarian regimes, specifically in what happened in Brazil during the years 1964 to 1985, under the specter of the life trajectory of Nildes Alencar Lima. With regard to thematic delimitation, we start from the moment when the 1964’s Coup was political and social field and, mainly, investigating the complications of the regime established in Ceará education and how these contexts were influencing the teaching of Nildes Alencar. The limit point of our investigation is the final of the 70's of the 20th century, a period in which the military government loses its strength, and movements such as the one chaired by Professor Nildes, the Movimento Feminino pela Anistia, are strengthened in order to end the arbitrariness committed by the government and fight for political openness. This work has as general objective to examine the teaching of professor Nildes Alencar in the dictatorial period. Based on this, we established the following specific objectives: to investigate the possible influences of the educational model of the Military Regime on the teaching practice of teacher Nildes; to understand the pedagogical ideas that guided the teacher's teaching practice in the period under study; unveil her postures as a teacher in face of the authoritarian regime. Our research is theoretically based on the assumptions of History (BLOCH, 2010; LE GOFF, 1990), of memory (BÓSI, 2010; HALBWACHS, 2012, VIGOTSKI, 1998), of education (MARTINHO RODRIGUES, 2017; SAVIANI, 2007), of History Education (SAVIANI, 2007); of teaching (VICENTINI; LUGLI, 2009). Regarding the methodology, we used the oral history methodological procedures (MEIHY; HOLANDA, 2013, XAVIER et al., 2020). We classify the research as historic, qualitative, exploratory and documentary. We used oral sources, through interviews with Nildes Alencar, of a semi-structured and open character, in addition to documents such as the Livro da Professora, the Laws that ruled the education of the period, as well as bibliographies indicated by Nildes herself. We can see that the performance of teacher Nildes Alencar Lima was not censored, thanks to her work in the school, of a private nature and possibly for working with groups of students who were rejected in traditional schools as deaf and other people with specific needs. We were also able to see the educational space to host MFPA meetings, chaired by Professor Nildes, who played an important role in the fight for amnesty for those persecuted by the dictatorial regime.