Nanoencapsulação de compostos bioativos oriundos de resíduos do beneficiamento da acerola (malpighia spp.)

Abstract

The acerola is a fruit very appreciated and cultivated in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast. The demand for this fruit has grown a lot, mainly due to its high content of vitamin C. In addition to ascorbic acid, this fruit has significant levels of phenolic compounds, which contribute to the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The processing of acerola produces a large amount of waste (film, seeds and fibers) that are usually discarded. The use of these residues aims, in addition to increasing the commercial value of the fruit, to reduce the environmental impacts generated by its disposal. Such bioactive compounds present are susceptible to degradation, which can be minimized with the nanoencapsulation process. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop nanoparticles from the extract of acerola residues by spray dryer drying. For this, seven formulations were developed, which differed by the concentration of wall material used in the process, chitosan and gum arabic, and the concentration of extract. When analyzing the extract of acerola residues were obtained for phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant activity values of 4392.84 ± 582.59 mg / 100g, 2047.18 ± 0.00 mg / 100g and 185.30 ± 13.30 ΜM trolox / g, respectively. For the nanoparticles it can be observed that the contents of phenolic compounds varied significantly between the developed formulations, 776, 02 ± 11.59 mg / 100g (nanoparticle E) at 3553.01 ± 34.90 mg / 100g (nanoparticle G). The concentrations of vitamin C varied statistically for seven developed formulations and some differences in the levels of antioxidant activity were observed, although the nanoparticles A, B, C, D, and E were not statistically different. In this way, it can be concluded that the nanoparticles presented good yields for the encapsulation process.