Qualidade e atividade antioxidante em frutos de variedades de aceroleira

Abstract

The evaluation of the quality of fruit come from selected plants, by the program of genetic improvement Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. It has as objective selects plants to cultivation with the better potential to consume in nature and industrial processing. The objective of this work was to characterize physically, chemically and physico-chemically fruits of acerola, 19 clones from commercial, evaluating the total antioxidant capacity (AOT) of its edible portions. The fruits were from different fields experimental, and the clones I6 / 2, Apodi-CL, Okinawa-CL, Cereja, Roxinha, Frutacor, II 47 / 1, Flor Branca, Barbados, Monami, Sertaneja and Mineira Field Trial of Limoeiro do Norte-CE; the clones AC69, Okinawa-OU, AC26, AC71, Apodi-OU and FP19 commercial planting organic Company Amway Nutrilite and clone Florida Sweet of Field of Experimental Pacajus-CE. All fruits were harvested at the stage of maturity in their commercial locations, where they were evaluated as to the firmness of flesh, length, diameter, colour instrumental La*b*, total weight, soluble solids (SS), total acidity (AT), pH , relationship soluble solids / total acidity (SS/AT), total soluble sugars (AST), total vitamin C, total anthocyanins, flavonoids yellow, total extractable polyphenols (PET), total carotenoids and total antioxidant activity (AAT). Weights had amplitude between 2.09 and 14.48g with an average of 6.05g. The average length was 19.73mm and 22.53mm diameter. The clones that concentrated the greatest firmness, vitamin C, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity were AC69, Okinawa-OU, AC26, AC71, Apodi-OU and FP19. The Florida Sweet received the highest regard SS/AT, followed by organic. The Frutacor and AC26 showed the highest levels of total carotenoids. The Barbados showed the lowest total antioxidant activity. The weight and size (length and diameter) were among the physical parameters with less influence of environmental factors. For vitamin C, polyphenols and antioxidant activity were obtained the greatest variations, as much as residual genetic. The soluble solids, pH, total acidity, relatio SS/AT, carotenoids and total sugars were the variables that showed the lowest influences of the environment and genetics, as compared to the other. There was significant correlation (P ≤ 0,01) between the weight, size, coordinated a * b*. The polyphenols showed a positive correlation (P ≤ 0,01) with the total antioxidant activity (0.73). Vitamin C appears to have contributed considerably to this activity, presented direct correlation (P ≤ 0,01) with polyphenols (0.87) and the total antioxidant activity (0.78). Significant negative relationship to 1% was found between the total acidity and the relationship SS/AT. Given the foregoing, as was observed direct correlation of antioxidant activity with two of the main groups of bioactive compounds (polyphenols total and vitamin C), it can be inferred that the antioxidant activity of the materials should be, basically, these two compounds, without disregard the synergism that exists between all of them.