Desenvolvimento de mudas de pimentão, cultivado em substrato com pó de coco e inoculado com Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares.

Abstract

The green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) it is a solanacea originated in the tropical region of the American continent, possesses high nutritional value and it is among the most important vegetables economically cultivated in Brazil. Your cultivate them more planted are the varieties All Big, Ikeda, Magali and Agronomic 10. The cultivation of plants using substratum is a technique thoroughly maid in most of the countries of advanced horticulture, for presenting advantages, among them the one of exercising soil function, supplying to the plant sustentation, nutritious, water and oxygen. The residue of the coconut (Cocus nucifera L.) in dust form it has been indicated as agricultural substratum by being 100% natural, biodegradable, to be a light material, of low density apparent, high porosity and humidity retention. The present work had for objective to test the hypothesis that the coconut dust, with their physiochemical properties, it can be one of the components in the mixture of the substratum recommended in the production of seedlings of green pepper balanced nutricionality and that the inoculation with arbuscular mychorrizal fungi (AMF) it turns the most efficient plant in the absorption of nutrients, especially the phosphorus. The experiment was carried in greenhouse located in the Campus of Pici, of the University Federal of Ceara, in the period of July to September of 2006. The experimental delineation was it of blocks casualized, consisting of eighteen treatments and four repetitions, distributed like this: T1→ soil (90%) + dust dry coconut (10%) with AMF; T2 → soil (80%) + dust dry coconut (20%) with AMF; T3 → sole (70%) + dust dry coconut (30%) with AMF; T4 → soil (90%) + dust dry coconut (10%) without AMF; T5 → soil (80%) + dust dry coconut (20%) without AMF; T6 → soil (70%) + dust dry coconut (30%) without AMF; T7→ soil (90%) + dust green coconut (10%) with AMF; T8 → soil (80%) + dust green coconut (20%) with AMF; T9 → soil (70%) + dust green coconut (30%) with FMA; T10 → soil (90%) + dust green coconut (10%) without; T11 → soil (80%) + dust green coconut (20%) without AMF; T12 → soil (70%) + dust green coconut (30%) without FMA; T13 → soil (100%) with AMF; T14 → soil (100%) without AMF; T15 → dust dry coconut (100%) with AMF; T16 → dust dry coconut (100%) without AMF T17 → dust green coconut (100%) with AMF and T18 → dust green coconut (100%) without AMF. The soil used in the substratum mixture was a Yellow Red Argissol sterilized in stelizer by two hours, to 1 atm and 120ºC, collected at the Campus of Pici. The plant were inoculated by AMF (Glomus clarum, Glomus intaradices and Gigaspora margarita), coming of the bank of inoculum of the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Soil, of the Department of Sciences of the Soil of the University Federal of Ceara and EMBRAPA, respectively. The experiment was carried by 45 days, during which the plants were weekly supplied with nutritious solution of Hewitt exempt of P and at the end they were collected and submitted to analyses of the following parameters: mass dries of the aerial part, number of leaves, height of the plant, diameter of the stem, number of spores of AMF in the substratum, colonization mychorrizal in the root, carbon biomass microbial, basal respiration of the soil, contend of macronutrient and micronutrient of the aerial part of plant. In the treatments T1 (90% soil + 10% dust dry coconut + AMF) and T4 (90%soil + 10% dust dry coconut without AMF) the seedlings of green pepper presented better results in mass dries of the aerial part, height and diameter of the stem. The largest macronutrient contend in the aerial part of the plant were found in the treatments that were not mixtures. In the treatments T17 and T18 the largest contend of Cmic and C-CO2 were observed. The largest presence of spores, happened in the treatments T13 (100% soil + AMF) and T8 (80% soil + 20% dust green coconut + AMF), while the largest degree of colonization of roots happened in the treatments T7 (90% soil + 10% dust green cococnut + AMF) and T8 ( soil 80% + dust green coconut 20% with AMF).