Múltiplos Fatores; Distintas Interações; Esmiuçando o Caráter Heterogêneo da Referenciação

Abstract

This work aims to describe the integration of multiple factors for the construction of reference. We consider that referentiation is built by the social-cognitive work undertaken by individuals in order to establish objects of discourse. Thus, we argue that such action is carried out through complex strategies, which are not limited to the presence or value of nominal expressions that take part on textual surface. The fundamental theoretical background is the social-cognitive paradigm, from which we propose a new view on analysis taken by Text Linguistics researchers. On one hand, we sustain that other semiosis, besides the verbal one, once they are part of textual materiality, can accomplish the same strategies normally described with an exclusive focus on linguistic constructions. On the other hand, we suggest that observation of texts different from those usually analyzed could provide new proposals about the description of referential processes. We analyze, in this thesis, a complete short tale and four episodes of a TV series, in order to investigate how material elements, linked to context, promote the introduction and reformulation of objects built in texts. For such analysis, we elect three main assumptions: 1) the verbal content which takes part in referential processes is not limited to anaphoric relations between referential expressions; 2) image, when it is part of the text, must be considered as textual materiality to be analyzed; 3) the referent transformation is a process more discursive than formal; thus it is inherently not linear. Through the application of these principles to the analysis of our sample, we define four general steps of referentiation: presentation, addition, correction and confirmation.