Vulnerabilidades em saúde da gestante com sífilis: ideação de uma tecnologia educacional para enfermeiros

Abstract

Vertical transmission of syphilis occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, passing from mother to child, and can result in stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and congenital syphilis. Therefore, the nurse's role is essential in reducing the rates of vertical transmission of syphilis. However, in carrying out their duties, nurses may face some challenges that make this journey difficult. In the meantime, Educational Technologies play a fundamental role when used in the promotion and prevention of health for people in vulnerable situations. Thus, this study aims to map in the scientific literature the educational technologies developed for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis and to develop a technology with a practical method for nurses during prenatal care, with an emphasis on the vulnerabilities of pregnant women. This is a methodological research aimed at developing an educational technology focused on the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis. The study was developed in two stages: the first consisted of a scoping review aimed at mapping the educational technologies developed for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis, and the second stage followed the foundation of the theoretical-philosophical framework of human praxis for the development of the technology. The study was set in the Primary Health Care of a Decentralized Health Area, and the participants were 16 healthcare professionals. The inclusion criteria for participants in the pragmatic and productive/artistic phases were established as: nurses with experience in prenatal care for pregnant women with syphilis and being allocated to Primary Health Care assistance. The exclusion criteria were: professionals who did not provide prenatal care to pregnant women with syphilis and those who did not have available time. The study was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Vale do Acaraú, thru the Brazil platform, and received a positive result from the institution under review, with the opinion: 7.038.050. The study is also covered under the accepted opinion: 4.831.233. The findings of the study were organized in the format of scientific articles, the first article titled: Educational technologies developed for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis: scoping review. The second article: Educational technology for primary healthcare nurses: prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis. The process of conceptualizing educational technology in the form of an animated infographic and printed media, carried out with the participation of the nurse and supported by the implementation of continuing education to enhance knowledge on the subject, will enable the creation of a product envisioned by the audience. Educational technology will contribute to the management, teaching, and nursing care. Moreover, it is considered that the contributions of this study expand the field of research regarding the potential of this technological resource in the praxic model, favoring its integration and dissemination. It is concluded that, based on the scope review, there is a limited number of educational technologies developed for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis. A lack of studies related to technology used by professionals as a tool for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis was also observed. In the meantime, it is necessary to conduct studies focused on this topic and develop technology with the participation of professionals, also addressing validation with the target audience and expert judges.