O papel do nudge em políticas públicas

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the use of nudge in public policy. The research, qualitative and bibliographic in nature, examines the conceptual foundations of nudge, its main characteristics, applications in different policy areas, and the critical debates surrounding its implementation. Grounded in behavioral economics, nudge is understood as a subtle intervention designed to influence individual choices without restricting options or imposing direct economic incentives. The analysis identifies relevant contributions of this approach to policies focused on health, finance, sustainability, and social inclusion, highlighting its ability to promote desirable behaviors at low cost and with respect for individual autonomy. At the same time, criticisms are considered that point to limitations in long-term effectiveness, risks to transparency and personal autonomy, and inadequacy when addressing complex structural problems. The discussion is expanded through the introduction of the concept of sludge, referring to behavioral and bureaucratic barriers that hinder access to rights, especially for vulnerable populations. The study emphasizes the potential of nudge as a complementary strategy for improving public policy, provided its application is contextualized, ethically guided, and aligned with broader instruments of social transformation.