Eficiência dos campi da rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica do Brasil

Abstract

This study explored the evolution and efficiency differentials of the campuses of the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education (EPCT) between 2017 and 2023. The research analyzed 593 campuses and 3,673 observations, representing the 38 Brazilian Federal Institutes. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the study assessed efficiency trends over time and across regions. The findings revealed significant variations between campuses and throughout the period, with efficiency score fluctuations and a negative impact from the COVID–19 pandemic in 2020. Additionally, resource distribution was found to be heterogeneous, possibly influenced by operational strategies and institutional context. Although higher investments were associated with more graduates, the relationship between resources and efficiency was not linear, highlighting the importance of effective management. The regional analysis identified disparities, with campuses in the Southeast achieving the highest efficiency scores, while those in the Northeast and South recorded the lowest performances. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and managers in optimizing resource allocation. However, some limitations should be considered, such as the absence of qualitative indicators, which could capture nuances of institutional performance. Future research may explore additional variables, such as faculty qualifications and the social impact of graduates, as well as expand the analysis to other technical education institutions.