Sexo inseguro e vulnerabilidades em saúde entre adultos jovens no Brasil: pesquisa nacional de saúde (2019)

Abstract

Unsafe sex constitutes a significant public health challenge, as it is associated with increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, particularly affecting young people. Analyzing individual, social, and programmatic vulnerabilities enables a deeper understanding of the factors that influence behaviors and shape inequalities in access to care, given that individual vulnerability encompasses knowledge, risk perception, preventive attitudes, and personal characteristics that guide the adoption of safer sexual practices. Social vulnerability involves gender relations, socioeconomic status, educational level, cultural norms, and support networks that may either enhance or restrict young people’s autonomy, whereas programmatic vulnerability refers to the availability and quality of health policies and services. This issue aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3, which seeks to ensure health and wellbeing, including targets related to sexual and reproductive health. In this context, nurses play an essential role by promoting health education, counseling, and access to qualified preventive actions. This study aims to analyze the individual, social, and programmatic vulnerabilities associated with unsafe sex among young people aged 18 to 24 in Brazil, grounded in José Ricardo Ayres’ theoretical framework and using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. Analyses will follow the STROBE guidelines, and the findings are expected to inform publicand intersectoral actions aimed at promoting sexual and reproductive health among young people, with a focus on equity and the reduction of health vulnerabilities.