Modelagem e avaliação de subestação digital conforme padrão IEC 61850: abordagem integrada à segurança e recursos da indústria 4.0 utilizando método STPA

Abstract

The technological evolution and the increasing interaction between humans and autonomous machines have been the primary drivers of large and complex systems. This transformation is particularly significant in electrical substations, driven by digitalization as established by the IEC 61850 standard. Within this context, this dissertation aims to present a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the safety of complex systems for modeling and qualitative assessment of IEC 61850 standard digital substations. The work seeks to develop a proposal for an industrial digital substation, embedding operational features aligned with Industry 4.0 concepts, such as interoperability and modularity, into the control structure of the digital substation. Additionally, this research proposes a protection philosophy based on IEC 61850 standard logical selectivity. Furthermore, the protection philosophy employed in the industrial substation is implemented in a test rig, comparing its performance in both digital and partially digital, and validating interoperability and modularity in a digital context in the laboratory. To achieve this goal this work models an industrial digital substation using the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method, in order to qualitatively evaluate the safety and reliability of the control layers and their interactions. The digitalization of the substation fosters interoperability among Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and provides modularity to the electrical system in contingency scenarios. Control actions under the responsibility of the Substation Automation System, with an emphasis on bay connections, are evaluated according to the STPA method. Bench tests are conducted to validate the benefits of the proposed protection philosophy compared to the current automation in the industrial substation. These tests are based on the control actions and system constraints provided by the STPA modeling. The results show that STPA is an important tool for modeling the interactions among the control layers of digital substations and that the implementation of the proposed model enhances the safety and autonomy of the substation, according to Industry 4.0.