Uma proposta metodológica para distribuição de recursos do PDDE a partir de critérios de eficiência e necessidade com aplicação de análise envoltória de dados

Abstract

This study proposes a methodology for the allocation of resources from the Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE) among Brazilian states, guided by criteria of technical efficiency and need, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a supporting tool for measuring relative performance. The analysis considers a financial input and two sets of outputs: structural variables expressed in absolute values, which reflect the installed capacity of education systems, and educational indicators expressed as ratios, which capture performance outcomes. The models were implemented in Python using the Pyomo library and solved with the GLPK solver. Based on the efficiency scores, the potential savings associated with projecting units onto the efficient frontier are estimated and used as a reference for defining the amount of resources to be allocated, which may be adjusted according to criteria established by public managers. In the subsequent stage, a parametric model is developed that combines relative efficiency with a need index composed of eight indicators, weighted by the parameter λ ∈ [0,1], allowing the simulation of scenarios ranging from efficiency-oriented allocation to greater emphasis on vulnerability. The results reveal distinct territorial patterns in both efficiency and levels of need, highlighting how different weighting choices between these two dimensions affect the final allocation of resources. The proposed approach provides a transparent quantitative tool to support public policy decisions aimed at optimizing federal investments in basic education.