The turn of the screw e a adaptação do universo gótico de Henry James para o cinema

Abstract

This thesis proposes an analysis of The Turn of the Screw (1898), a nineteenth-century novel by naturalized British author Henry James, in dialogue with two film adaptations of this work, both from the 21st century: Através da Sombra (2015), a Brazilian film directed by Walter Lima Jr. and The Turning (2020), a North American production directed by Italian-Canadian Floria Sigismondi. The survey and bibliographical review are guided by the interweaving of three areas of study: Descriptive Translation Studies, with a particular focus on Itamar Even- Zohar (1978), Gideon Toury (1995) and André Lefevere (2007); Intersemiotic Translation, via Thaís Diniz (1998, 1999) and Júlio Plaza (2012); and Adaptation Theory, through Linda Hutcheon (2011) and Patrick Cattrysse (2014). Content analysis, the methodology used to conduct the analysis between literature and cinema, mainly through an understanding of language and cinematographic narrative, is supported by David Bordwell (1996) and Robert Stam (2000). The research problem, in turn, is based on the question of the impact of cultural interference on the construction of the space of Henry James' novel in the film by Walter Lima Jr. and Floria Sigismondi. In view of this, the central hypothesis of this thesis is that the transformation of space in film adaptations of Henry James' literary works is not limited to a readjustment of sets and stage objects, but rather that these adaptations reconfigure space in such a way as to resize the cultural impact of the work on the system of arrival. In addition, the study seeks to verify whether, in retextualizing (Travaglia, 2003) James' novel in different media, there is a dispute between the systems involved, reflecting the cultural tensions and hierarchies present in these adaptation processes, and how a space is an element of constant dispute and transformation that translates these tensions and processes. As an element of analysis, we understand space through the understanding of Michel de Certeau (1994) and Gaston Bachelard (1978). Throughout the research, we set out to analyze the different levels of spatial transformation that occur during the adaptation process, considering elements such as camera angles and positions, the reconstruction of physical and geographical space, the use of elements linked to lightness/darkness and also the use of sounds to reinforce the sensations conveyed by the space. In order to understand space in film narratives, we have drawn mainly on the contributions of André Gaudreault and François Jost (2009) and Jacques Aumont and Michel Marie (2003). As for the novel, which will always be reviewed and compared with the films, it will also be analyzed using theorists who highlight the vision of space in literary narrative, such as Gérard Genette (1972) and Antonio Dimas (1985). In doing so, we aim to show that the adaptation of space from The Turn of the Screw to Através da Sombra and The Turning is a complex process that reflects a profound cultural negotiation, in which space becomes an agent of transformation that expands the reach and influence of literary works in the new cultural context. The results have showed that there was, in fact, a reorganization of spaces in both films, with changes in the settings and in the relationship between some characters and spatial elements.