Danos em edifícios decorrentes de falhas em fundações: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Foundations are fundamental components in the overall behavior of buildings, as they are responsible for properly transferring structural loads to the soil. Failures at this stage may lead to loss of functionality, durability, and structural safety, resulting in various types of damage. In this context, this Undergraduate Thesis aims to analyze building damages resulting from foundation failures through an integrative review of the scientific literature. The adopted methodology was based on a systematic protocol, which included the formulation of the research question using the PICo framework, definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria, searches in national and international databases, and critical analysis of the selected studies. After the selection process, 16 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 composed the final sample. The results indicated that building damages are closely associated with inadequate geotechnical investigations, construction failures, design errors, and unfavorable geotechnical conditions, highlighting differential settlement as the main mechanism responsible for the damages reported in the analyzed literature. The identified damages range from aesthetic and functional manifestations to severe structural impairments, including deep cracks, permanent deformations, torsion, significant tilting, and risk of partial or total collapse. Thus, it is concluded that reducing the occurrence of such damages depends on the adoption of an integrated technical approach, involving rigorous geotechnical investigations, well-developed foundation design, consideration of soil–structure interaction, and improved execution control, thereby ensuring higher levels of safety, performance, and service life of buildings.