Aplicação da aprendizagem significativa no ensino de energia

Abstract

This monograph addresses the application of the theory of meaningful learning in the teaching of energy, focusing on four classes of the second year of high school in a state vocational education school (EEEP) in Ceará, a central concept of Physics that often presents difficulties for students due to its abstraction and complexity. Meaningful learning, proposed by David Ausubel, is a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the construction of new knowledge from previous concepts that are already accumulated in the student's mind, facilitating the assimilation of content and promoting deeper and more lasting learning. The teaching of Physics, especially when dealing with the topic of energy, faces challenges related to the difficulty of students in connecting abstract concepts with everyday situations. Ausubel's theory suggests that, for new content to be meaningful, it needs to be related to the students' prior knowledge, making it relevant and understandable. Thus, the objective of this work is to investigate how meaningful learning can be applied in the teaching of energy to facilitate the understanding of simple concepts such as energy transformations, energy conservation and different forms of energy. The research proposes the use of pedagogical strategies such as flipped classrooms, so that students are the protagonists of their own intellectual progress. Simple experiments that demonstrate energy transformations and the analysis of energy consumption in students' daily lives were suggested as ways to make the content more accessible and interesting. It is concluded that the application of meaningful learning in teaching energy can improve students' understanding of this topic, making learning more effective and engaging, in addition to the application of active methodologies. Commitment to ongoing training for teachers is essential for the implementation of these strategies to ensure more efficient Physics teaching that is connected to students' needs.