A tematização das lutas nas aulas de educação física escolar no ensino médio: uma experiência de formação docente na rede estadual de ensino do Ceará

Abstract

This study focused on the thematization of Combat Sports in high school Physical Education classes and analyzed a group of teachers from the state school system of Ceará. The research developed a continuing education cycle with teachers, based on the experiences, dialogues, reflections, and suggestions shared by the study group. The research adopted a qualitative and exploratory approach, developed in six stages: participant search and selection; diagnostic interviews; implementation of a continuing education cycle; application of an evaluative questionnaire; analysis of the results of the training cycle; and development of an educational resource. Six Physical Education teachers working in the city of Fortaleza participated in the study, selected based on teaching profiles identified in the reviewed literature. Contact was established via messaging applications, phone calls, and/or in-person meetings. The training cycle was divided into four meetings: two in-person and two online. Data were collected through audio and video recordings, questionnaires, and speech transcripts, and subsequently categorized into four axes: challenges of the teaching profession; difficulties in thematizing Combat Sports; suggestions for thematizing Combat Sports in schools; and teacher evaluation of the continuing education cycle. The results evidenced that the main challenges for thematizing Combat Sports in classes are related to the lack of technical and pedagogical knowledge on the subject, the lack of adequate materials and spaces, and teachers’ insecurity in dealing with practices involving physical confrontation. However, although the training cycle could not resolve all impediments, it contributed to strengthening teachers' self-confidence, stimulating the adoption of playful methodologies. The mapping of ProEF productions revealed 12 studies that had combat sports as their main theme, including 1 study on continuing teacher education, 4 intervention studies with students in the early years of elementary school, 3 intervention studies in the later years of elementary school, and 4 intervention studies in high school. As an educational resource, a continuing education pedagogical guide entitled “Combat Sports in School Physical Education: Possibilities for Reflection and Thematization” (Lutas na Educação Física Escolar: Possibilidades de Reflexão e Tematização) was developed. It is concluded that continuing education presents an effective path for expanding the presence of Combat Sports in Physical Education classes and for developing more critical and contextualized practices.