Perfil epidemiológico e análise de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de pacientes intoxicados pela aranha loxosceles, notificados em um centro de assistência toxicológica no município de Fortaleza, Ceará

Abstract

The spider of Loxosceles genus is responsible for many accidents in Brazil, Ceará State has been the 13th in the number of cases reported to the “Sistema Nacional de Agravo a Notificações” (SINAN). The bite of Loxosceles spiders can cause a necrotizing-hemolytic syndrome, known as loxoscelism and in extreme cases, accidents involving these spiders can cause death due to its systemic action. It is the most serious form of Arianism in Brazil. Despite the great importance to public health, little is known about the causes of accidents involving Loxoceles in Ceará. Thus, based on the records of accidents reported in the Centro de Assistência Toxicológica (CEATOX), located in the Hospital Emergency Department - Instituto Dr. José Frota in Fortaleza, this study was developed to determine the epidemiological profile and evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters in patients suffering from a brown spider bite occurred in the period 2009-2013. Among the 35 documented cases, 48.62% occurred in the months from April up to June it has been 68.5% in the urban area flocking, and 88% of accidents in homes. In relation to victims, 65.7% were women, predominantly aged between 30 and 44 years (28.8%). Regarding the site of the bite, 57.35% reached the lower limb of the victim. The main symptoms were erythema and necrosis (45.7% each one), local pain (42.90%), necrotic bubble (31.40%) and edema (28.60%). In most cases, patients seeking medical attention four hours after the bite (42.90%). Cutaneous loxoscelismrepresented 97.14% of cases and systemic loxoscelism 2.85%. Table moderate poisoning was predominant, reaching 74.3% of poisoned. 77% of patients had normal hemoglobin dosage, while 23% found anemia. Leukocytosis was evident in 53% of patients analyzed, the platelets were normal in most cases. Biochemical, urea and creatinine parameters were shown to be increased by 10% and 14% of patients respectively. We verified that is required conducting trainings and refresher for health professionals with the goal of improving diagnosis and treatment and improve notification, especially in areas of low prevalence of accidents is required.