Frequência de hemoglobinas variantes em doadores de sangue do Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará, nos anos de 2013 e 2014

Abstract

The hemoglobinopathies are a group of diseases that have a genetic character, characterized by either reduced synthesis of one or more normal globin chains or the synthesis of a structurally abnormal globin chain. The structure disorders of hemoglobin are result of a single amino acid substitution in the alpha and beta chains. Usually they do not cause noticeable changes but they can change the stability or functionality of the hemoglobin, leading to important clinical conditions. The hemoglobinopathies present a high frequency in different regions of the world, and the hemoglobins S and C are the most frequently found in Brazil. Its prevalence is related to racial groups typical of each region analyzed. This study aimed to assess the frequency of abnormal hemoglobin in blood donors of HEMOCE from January 2013 to December 2014. A descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach was conducted to investigate the frequency of abnormal hemoglobin variants in blood donors of HEMOCE. Data from all blood donors were collected from January 2013 to December 2014 in order to analyze the donors regarding the type of hemoglobin and characteristics such as gender, age and self-declared color. The study analyzed 61.585 blood donors, where the majority were men. The results showed 1.809 samples (2,94%) had abnormal hemoglobins of which 1.450 (2,35%) were HbAS, 314 (0,51%) were HbAC, 41 were HbAD (0,07%), 1 was HbAI (0,0016%) and three were other types of abnormal variants (0,0049%). Among patients with hemoglobin variants most were male, color brunette selfreported and aged between 26-35 years. Results show that the Brazilian population has various types of prevalence for hemoglobinopathy varying according to the country’s regions analyzed and to the ethnic group involved. This way, trials for hemoglobinopathy in blood donors are important since the blood receptor is favored by quality and safe product and the donor may also identify a genetic disease which may reveal itself in future progeny.