Análise dos exames hematológicos e frequência de anemia ferropriva em pacientes atendidos em um laboratório de análises clínicas e toxicológicas em Fortaleza

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies. This condition develops gradually, presenting a reduction in hematimetric indices, amount of hemoglobin, serum ferritin and serum iron, with consequent increase in total iron binding capacity, leading to a reduction in the transferrin saturation index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the laboratory exams from users who were attended by the Laboratory of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (LACT) and to verify the frequency of anemia among these people.The study was retrospective and descriptive, in which the 1.191 exams from LACT users were evaluated during the period from January to June 2017. The variables analyzed were: gender, age, hematological parameters (hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC) and biochemical parameters (ferritin, serum iron, latent iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation index). The data were analyzed statistically using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program and the project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará with the number of approval 2.648.096. The results showed that the female gender represented the majority among users attended by LACT (62,3%), most of them seniors (43,66%). The frequency of anemic patients was 18,9%, of which elderly were the most affected by the condition. The most frequent degree of anemia was mild in men and moderate in women. The most frequent anemia intensity was moderate intensity among men and women. Iron deficiency anemia was present in 2,2% of the anemic users who performed the ferritin and IST dosing, and it happened mainly in adult women. This result may have been underestimated, since many anemic users did not perform the iron status study. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of anemia is important so it can be treated correctly.