Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e fotoprotetora in vitro do extrato de Spondias purpurea L e sua aplicação em uma formulação cosmética

Abstract

Spondias purpurea L., also known as seriguela, is a tropical fruit tree, native to Mexico or Central America and quite common in northeastern Brazil. It is a source of antioxidants or functional compounds, such as vitamins, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Although it is a very widespread plant in the Brazilian northeast, the biological activity associated to the characterization of its compounds is still little known. Some studies indicate the potent antioxidant activity of the fruit, but there are few studies about the profile of phenolic compounds related to its photoprotective activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective potential in vitro of the dry extract of Spondias purpurea L. stem and its incorporation in a formulation. It was determined a spectrophotometric profile of absorption of the extract and it showed a peak around 280nm, demonstrating absorption of energy in the UVB area. The antioxidant activity of the extract was performed by the photocolorimetric method DPPH and an IC50 of 6.25 µg/mL was obtained, showing an excellent antioxidant potential of the extract. An O/W emulsion was cold prepared and different concentrations of the extract (0.2, 2.5, 5 e 10%) were used. The in vitro SPF of the extract and of the formulations was determined by the spectrophotometric method developed by Mansur et al. (1986). The assay resulted in an SPF of 14.37 for the extract, showing satisfactory photoprotective activity. The SPF values of the formulations obtained were not significantly relevant at a concentration of 0.2mg/mL; however, in a concentration of 2mg/mL was possible to observe that all formulations, except FBE0.2, obtained meaningful results of SPF, demonstrating that at this final dilution concentration the extract was able to absorb UVB radiation. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the components present in the extract of Spondias purpurea L. have characteristics the make it suitable for incorporation in a multifunctional cosmetic formulation, including photoprotective formulations, in which the extract would act as an antioxidant due to the excellent activity presented.