Perfil epidemológico dos candidatos à doação de sangue da hemorrede do estado do Ceará, com sorologia positiva para HIV, nos anos de 2014 a 2016

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus can be transmitted sexually, vertically, through shared use of non-sterile skin-piercing instruments, blood transfusion and its contaminated components. Every blood transfusion process may present a risk and should be performed in a judicious manner, seeking to ensure safety for both the recipient and the donor. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of HIV and to characterize the profile of blood donors with positive serology for this virus, regarding the age range, gender, schooling, marital status and skin color in the Hemorrede of the state of Ceara, from 2014 to 2016. Of the 105.182 blood donors in 2014, 170 had positive serology HIV stop on the first collected blood sample (blood bag to first serological screening). Of these, 117 returned to a second collection and confirmation of serology and 53 did not return. Of those who returned, 32 had confirmed serology for HIV and 85, negative serology. In 2015, of the 110,269 candidates, 1148 had positive serology for the first HIV serological screening. In which, 102 returned for repetition and 46 did not return. Of those who returned, 34 had confirmed serology for HIV and 68, negative serology. And in 2016, out of the 110,285 candidates, 130 presented HIV-reactive serology at the first serological screening. Of these, 65 returned for a second collection and confirmation of the tests and 65 did not return. Of those who returned, 17 had confirmed serology for HIV and 48, negative serology. The prevalence of HIV positive serology in this study was 0.030% (2014), 0.031% (2015) and 0.015% (2016). For the three years studied, in the candidates for blood donation with confirmed serology for HIV, there was a higher frequency of males (80.87%), single (70.16%), brown / brown skin color (78.13 %), with age between 17-29 years (52,10%) and schooling varying between 3rd grade (53.40%) and high school (50%). Using statistical analysis (Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test), it was possible to observe a higher HIV-positive males than in females for the three years studied; showing that, on average, for each woman carrying the virus, 4 men are infected. No significant association was observed among the other variables studied. It is concluded that the HIV prevalence observed in the current study was lower than the results reported in the literature, indicating that the clinical screening performed on the candidates for blood donation in this institution has been highly effective.