Longevidade, acessibilidade urbana e conforto ambiental: uma análise da influência do ambiente construído na saúde mental da pessoa idosa – estudo de caso em Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

This research investigates the bidirectional relationship between the built environment and human aging, emphasizing the mental health of older adults in urban areas and focusing on accessibility and the right to the city. The study begins with the hypothesis that urban spaces can promote or hinder biological, psychological, and social well-being, particularly among vulnerable populations. Scientific evidence shows that factors such as accessibility, air quality, green spaces, water resources, and thermal comfort can modulate human behavior and promote cognitive, physical, and emotional function. As longevity increases, there is a need to rethink urban dynamics from an intergenerational perspective. Environmental factors and city environments play a strategic role in formulating policies and actions that improve the built environment. This approach aims to create conditions that promote the full exercise of the right to the city and healthy aging. The main objective is to analyze how the urban environment contributes to the psychological and social well-being of the elderly population. The methodology includes a review of literature and documents, as well as direct observations and technical surveys of three public squares in Fortaleza, Ceará, which were selected based on their varying levels of accessibility and environmental comfort. The evaluated parameters included street lighting, sound pressure levels, the presence of green areas, temperature, and air quality. Additionally, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to individuals aged 60 and older who frequent these spaces. The study provides urban indicators that contribute to developing more inclusive environments by linking urban planning, the right to the city, and gerontology. These findings underscore the importance of reimagining urban spaces as environments that promote mental health, well-being, and quality of life, transcending mere functionality.