Ordenamento territorial e gestão ambiental em Bissau, na Guiné-Bissau: perspectivas da geoecologia da paisagem

Abstract

The application of Landscape Geoecology in environmental planning and management is essential to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources and to mitigate negative environmental impacts. It is an integrated approach that promotes sustainability and seeks to balance the natural and human dimensions of landscapes in different regions where ecosystems and natural resources are under increasing pressure. This study presented the Environmental Planning and Management Proposal (POGA). The main objective was to analyze the geoecological and landscape context of Guinea-Bissau, providing foundations for guiding the planning and environmental management of the for the Bissau. The methodology followed the principles of Landscape Geoecology, as established by Rodriguez, Silva, and Cavalcanti (2017; 2022), as well as Vidal and Mascarenhas (2020) and Vidal (2014). These principles were aligned with the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To support the research, we relied on the Environmental and Social Diagnosis of UNDP (2019; 2021), the methodology of Geoecological Territorial Planning (Rodriguez; Silva; Cavalcanti, 2022), the Brazilian Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE, 2011), in addition to documentary and bibliographic analyses. The results led to the formulation of the POGA, which incorporated drafts of Environmental Planning (OA) and Territorial Planning (OTE), as well as an Environmental Management Plan (PGA). These proposals defined specific units for environmental and territorial protection and established guidelines for interventions and strategic partnerships. They also suggested the Environmental Planning Model (MOA), including the creation of Environmental Preservation Units (UPA) and Sustainable Use Units (UNUS), and the Territorial Planning Model (MOTE), which proposed the establishment of Urbanization Zones (ZUR) and Environmental Recovery Zones (ZRA). It was concluded that the greatest challenge of Guinea-Bissau — particularly in the Bissau region, but also common to other territories of the Global South — goes beyond the mere identification of environmental vulnerabilities. The central issue lies in the ability to transform knowledge into practice. Real progress depends on building institutional, social, and cultural mechanisms capable of converting diagnoses into effective strategies for sustainable and inclusive territorial planning, integrating development, social justice, and environmental conservation