Campanha de medição eólica offshore no Brasil: desafios tecnológicos, normativos e metrológicos

Abstract

The characterization of offshore wind resources in Brazil requires compliance with specific technical and metrological requirements, especially with regard to the reliability of sensors and the traceability of data obtained in measurement campaigns. The research was structured in three stages: a systematic review of the technical and scientific literature on measurement technologies and operational challenges in the maritime environment, a comparison of national and international standards, and the mapping of national laboratories with the capacity to calibrate cup anemometers in accordance with the minimum requirements set forth in Brazilian legislation. Although authors agree on the need for multiple methodologies to characterize offshore wind resources, the results of the literature review show a search for indirect measurement alternatives, such as the use of satellites and atmospheric modeling. However, these alternatives have not proven effective in measurement campaigns. Furthermore, although technologies such as LIDAR and instrumented buoys offer operational advantages, the meteorological anemometer tower is still the most established and internationally used method, serving as a normative reference and basis for validating new approaches. With regard to the normative aspect, it was found that both national and international regulations do not address aspects intrinsic to the offshore environment, highlighting a need to review and adapt the documentation to make it specific to the maritime scenario. Finally, it was found that Brazil has minimal technical infrastructure for performing reliable calibrations, with 72.41% of the metrological network concentrated in the Southeast region, in addition to remaining subject to the obligation to use international laboratories linked to MEASNET. This requirement imposes economic and logistical limitations on the national context, highlighting the need for regulatory review that recognizes local capabilities and promotes greater technical autonomy in the offshore wind sector.